Ti 6AL-4V ELI, or Grade 23, is the higher purity version of Ti 6Al-4V. It can be made into coils, strands, wires or flat wires. It’s the top choice for any sort of situation where a combination of high strength, light weight, good corrosion resistance and high toughness are required. It has a superior damage tolerance to other alloys.
These benefits make Grade 23 the ultimate dental and medical titanium grade. It can be used in biomedical applications such as implantable components due to its biocompatibility, good fatigue strength and low modulus. It can also be used in detailed surgical procedures, as:
- Orthopedic pins and screws
- Orthopedic cables
- Ligature clips
- Surgical staples
- Springs
- Orthodontic appliances
- In joint replacements
- Cryogenic vessels
- Bone fixation devices

Element | Content (%) |
---|---|
Titanium, Ti | 88.09 – 91 |
Aluminum, Al | 5.5 – 6.5 |
Vanadium, V | 3.5 – 4.5 |
Iron, Fe | ≤ 0.25 |
Carbon, C | ≤ 0.080 |
Nitrogen, N | ≤ 0.030 |
Hydrogen, H | ≤ 0.0125 |
Other, each | ≤ 0.10 |
Other, total | ≤ 0.40 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM GRADE 23
Properties | Metric | Imperial |
---|---|---|
Tensile strength | 860 MPa | 125000 psi |
Yield strength | 790 MPa | 115000 psi |
Poisson’s ratio | 0.342 | 0.342 |
Elastic modulus | 113.8 GPa | 16510 ksi |
Shear modulus | 44.0 GPa | 6380 ksi |
Elongation at break | 15% | 15% |
Hardness, Brinell | 326 | 326 |
Hardness, Knoop | 354 | 354 |
Hardness, Rockwell C | 35 | 35 |
Hardness, Vickers | 341 | 341 |
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy can be machined using slow speeds, right quantity of coolant flow and high feed rates. High-speed tools should be used for tooling this alloy and the recommended tool types are tungsten carbide designations C1-C4 or cobalt based.
Forming
Grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy can be hot or cold formed. Forming techniques include hydropress, stretch or drop-hammer.
Welding
Weldability of grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy is rated as fair.
Heat Treatment
The material can be solution treated at 904-954 °C (1660-1750°F) for 2 h, and then water quenched.
Annealing
For annealing grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy, the material has to be held at 732°C (1350°F) for about 1/4 and 4h. It should then be furnace cooled to 566°C (1050°F) then air cooled.
Forging
Rough forging can be performed at 982°C (1800°F), and completed at 968°C (1750°F).
Hot Working
Hot working enhances the overall ductility of the material.
Cold Working
Cold working features of this material is same as that of austenitic stainless steel. Post-work annealing is recommended to re-attain favorable performance properties.
Aging
Aging of grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy can be performed at 538°C (1000°F) for 4 h and air cooled.
USAGE & APPLICATION OF TITANIUM GRADE 23
Grade 23 Ti 6Al 4V ELI alloy is used in the following areas:
-
- Surgical implants
- Aircraft components
- Structural components
- In a variety of salt water applications
- In high pressure cryogenic vessels down to -320°C
- In applications requiring excellent fracture toughness and fatigue strength.
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